Did you know that hydrocotyle, commonly known as pennywort, can quickly take over your garden or lawn, turning your carefully tended green space into a tangled mess? This invasive weed not only disrupts the aesthetics of your landscape but can also choke out more desirable plants, leading to a battle for resources that many homeowners simply aren’t prepared to fight. Understanding effective application methods for hydrocotyle weedkiller is crucial for maintaining the health and beauty of your outdoor spaces, ensuring that your garden remains the vibrant sanctuary you envision.
In this article, we will explore the most effective techniques for applying hydrocotyle weedkiller, delivering practical tips that will make your weeding efforts more successful and less time-consuming. From timing your applications for maximum impact to using the right tools and methods, we’ll equip you with the knowledge needed to reclaim your garden from the clutches of this persistent weed. So, whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a novice looking to enhance your lawn care skills, read on to discover the valuable insights that will help you achieve a lush, weed-free paradise.
Understanding Hydrocotyle: The Invasive Weed
What is Hydrocotyle?
Hydrocotyle, commonly known as pennywort, is a creeping perennial that belongs to the Apiaceae family. This plant is characterized by its round, kidney-shaped leaves that grow on long, slender stems. Hydrocotyle can spread rapidly across garden beds and lawns, forming dense mats that can choke out other desirable plants. Its growth habit, which includes shallow roots and the ability to propagate through both seeds and vegetative means, allows it to thrive in various conditions, making it a formidable foe for gardeners in New Zealand.
In terms of appearance, Hydrocotyle can be recognized by its glossy green leaves, which can vary in size but typically measure between 3 to 10 centimeters in diameter. The plant produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are not often noticed but contribute to its reproductive success. Given its ability to thrive in moist, shaded areas, Hydrocotyle often invades gardens, lawns, and even natural habitats, where it can outcompete native flora. Understanding the characteristics of Hydrocotyle is essential for effective management and control, particularly when using hydrocotyle weedkiller.
Why is Hydrocotyle a Problem in New Zealand?
The prevalence of Hydrocotyle in New Zealand is a growing concern for many gardeners and environmentalists. This invasive weed has been reported in various regions, often taking over gardens and lawns with alarming speed. Statistics indicate that Hydrocotyle can cover large areas, leading to significant ecological impacts. Its aggressive growth can result in the displacement of native plant species, ultimately reducing biodiversity and altering local ecosystems.
One of the primary issues with Hydrocotyle is its ability to thrive in diverse environments, including wetlands, disturbed sites, and shaded areas. This adaptability allows it to establish itself in both urban and rural settings, where it can disrupt local flora and fauna. The competition for resources such as light, water, and nutrients can lead to the decline of native species, further exacerbating the ecological imbalance. Consequently, effective management strategies, including the application of hydrocotyle weedkiller, are crucial to mitigate its impacts.
Identifying Hydrocotyle in Your Garden
Early detection of Hydrocotyle is vital for effective management and control. The first step in identifying this invasive weed is to familiarize yourself with its unique characteristics. Look for the distinctive round leaves that grow on long petioles, as well as the creeping stems that can root at the nodes. Hydrocotyle often forms dense mats, making it easier to spot in your garden or lawn.
Common lookalikes include native ground covers and other creeping plants, which can sometimes lead to confusion. However, Hydrocotyle typically has a more aggressive growth pattern and a tendency to spread rapidly. Familiarizing yourself with these differences can aid in early identification, allowing you to take prompt action against this invasive weed.
In conclusion, understanding Hydrocotyle is the first step in effective weed management. By recognizing its characteristics, acknowledging its ecological impact, and learning how to identify it in your garden, you can take proactive measures. This knowledge is essential for successfully applying hydrocotyle weedkiller and restoring balance to your outdoor spaces. As we delve deeper into the importance of weedkillers in managing Hydrocotyle, you will be better equipped to tackle this invasive species head-on.
The Importance of Weedkillers in Managing Hydrocotyle
What is Hydrocotyle Weedkiller?
Hydrocotyle weedkiller refers to a category of herbicides specifically formulated to target and eliminate Hydrocotyle species, commonly known as pennywort. These products are designed to disrupt the growth and reproduction of this invasive weed, which poses a significant threat to gardens and lawns across New Zealand. Hydrocotyle weedkillers typically contain active ingredients that either kill the plant upon contact or are absorbed systemically to eliminate the weed from within.
The effectiveness of hydrocotyle weedkillers lies in their ability to target the unique biological processes of the plant. Many of these products are formulated with selective herbicides that specifically target broadleaf plants, ensuring that desirable grasses and plants remain unharmed. It’s essential for gardeners and landscapers to familiarize themselves with the various formulations available on the market to select the most suitable product for their specific needs.
How Weedkillers Work: The Science Behind It
Understanding how hydrocotyle weedkillers work is crucial for effective application. Most herbicides operate through one of two primary mechanisms: contact or systemic action. Contact herbicides kill the plant upon direct contact, causing immediate damage to the foliage and tissues. These types of products are effective for quick control of visible Hydrocotyle growth but may require multiple applications for thorough eradication.
In contrast, systemic herbicides are absorbed by the plant and transported throughout its tissues. This type of weedkiller can effectively target the root system, making it particularly useful for perennial weeds like Hydrocotyle, which can regenerate from root fragments. Systemic hydrocotyle weedkillers can take longer to show results, but they often provide more comprehensive control by preventing the weed from regrowing after treatment.
The choice between contact and systemic herbicides depends on the specific situation and the extent of the Hydrocotyle infestation. For best results, it’s advisable to consider the growth stage of the weed, as younger plants are generally more susceptible to herbicides.
Types of Hydrocotyle Weedkillers Available in New Zealand
In New Zealand, various hydrocotyle weedkillers are available, each with its own set of active ingredients and application methods. Some of the most effective products include:
1. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides: Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide that is effective against a wide range of weeds, including Hydrocotyle. It penetrates the plant’s tissues and disrupts its metabolic processes, leading to complete plant death. However, it is crucial to apply glyphosate carefully to avoid harming desirable plants in the vicinity.
2. Metsulfuron-Methyl: This selective herbicide targets broadleaf weeds while sparing grasses, making it an excellent choice for lawns and garden beds. Metsulfuron-methyl works systemically, providing long-lasting control of Hydrocotyle.
3. Triclopyr: Triclopyr is particularly effective against woody and herbaceous plants, including Hydrocotyle. It interferes with the plant’s growth hormones, leading to its eventual demise. This herbicide is often used in combination with other products to enhance effectiveness.
4. Pelargonic Acid: A natural herbicide that acts as a contact herbicide, pelargonic acid is effective for spot treatments of Hydrocotyle. It can be a safer alternative for environmentally conscious gardeners, as it breaks down quickly in the environment.
5. Combination Products: Some hydrocotyle weedkillers come in formulations that combine multiple active ingredients to enhance efficacy. These products can provide broader-spectrum control and may be particularly useful in areas with mixed weed populations.
When selecting a hydrocotyle weedkiller, it’s essential to read the label carefully and follow the manufacturer’s instructions to ensure safe and effective use. Additionally, consider factors such as application timing, environmental conditions, and the potential impact on surrounding plants to achieve the best results.
In conclusion, understanding the importance of hydrocotyle weedkillers is vital for effective management of this invasive weed in New Zealand gardens and lawns. By selecting the right product and applying it correctly, gardeners can reclaim their outdoor spaces and promote healthy, vibrant ecosystems. The next step involves preparing for the application by considering the optimal timing and weather conditions, which we will explore in the following section.
Preparing for Application: Essential Steps
Timing Your Application: When is the Best Time?
Timing is a crucial factor when it comes to the effective application of hydrocotyle weedkiller. The growth cycle of Hydrocotyle, which typically flourishes in the warmer months, should guide your application schedule. Early spring, just as the weed begins to emerge, is often considered the optimal time for treatment. This is when the plant is actively growing, making it more susceptible to herbicides.
Applying hydrocotyle weedkiller at this stage not only enhances its effectiveness but also minimizes the risk of the weed spreading further. If you miss this window, late summer can be a second chance, as the plant may still be vulnerable before it goes dormant in the cooler months. However, it is essential to monitor the specific growth patterns in your area, as microclimates can influence the timing.
Additionally, understanding the seasonal weather patterns in New Zealand can help refine your timing strategy. If the region experiences a particularly wet spring, it may be beneficial to wait for a brief dry spell to ensure that the weedkiller adheres properly to the leaves of Hydrocotyle, maximizing absorption and effectiveness.
Weather Considerations for Effective Application
Weather conditions play a significant role in the success of your hydrocotyle weedkiller application. Ideally, you want to apply the herbicide on a dry day with mild temperatures, ideally between 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. Rain within 24 hours of application can wash away the weedkiller, reducing its efficacy and potentially harming surrounding plants.
Wind is another critical factor to consider. High winds can cause drift, leading to unintentional damage to desirable plants. Therefore, it is advisable to check local weather forecasts and choose a calm day for application. Early morning or late afternoon are often the best times, as temperatures are cooler, reducing evaporation and enhancing absorption.
Moreover, if you are in a region prone to humidity, be cautious. High humidity can result in slower drying times for the weedkiller, which may affect its performance. Always aim for conditions that allow the herbicide to dry quickly on the foliage of Hydrocotyle for optimal results.
Safety Precautions: Protecting Yourself and the Environment
When applying hydrocotyle weedkiller, safety should be your top priority. This includes protecting yourself, your plants, and the surrounding environment. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, goggles, and a mask, to minimize exposure to chemicals. Ensure that you read the product label carefully, as it contains vital information on safety and application guidelines.
To protect non-target plants, consider using a shield or barrier when applying the herbicide, particularly in areas where desirable plants are nearby. This will help minimize the risk of drift and accidental application. Additionally, avoid applying hydrocotyle weedkiller in windy conditions, as mentioned earlier, to prevent it from affecting other plants.
Environmental considerations are equally important. Herbicides can run off into waterways, potentially harming aquatic ecosystems. To mitigate this risk, avoid applying the weedkiller near water bodies and ensure that you follow local regulations regarding chemical use. If possible, use biodegradable or less harmful alternatives to conventional hydrocotyle weedkillers to reduce your environmental footprint.
Lastly, after application, monitor the treated area for signs of runoff or adverse effects on desirable plants. If you notice any unintended consequences, adjust your application methods in future treatments to enhance both efficacy and safety.
Effective Application Methods for Hydrocotyle Weedkiller
Foliar Application Techniques
Spraying: Equipment and Techniques
One of the most common methods for applying hydrocotyle weedkiller is through foliar spraying. This technique involves using a sprayer to directly apply the herbicide to the leaves of the Hydrocotyle plant. To achieve the best results, it is essential to use the right equipment, such as a backpack sprayer or a hand-held sprayer, depending on the size of the area you are treating.
When preparing to spray, ensure that your equipment is clean and functioning properly. Fill the sprayer with the recommended concentration of hydrocotyle weedkiller, following the instructions on the product label. Before you begin, test the sprayer on a small area to ensure even coverage and to avoid clogging.
For effective application, aim for a fine mist that thoroughly coats the leaves without causing runoff. Spraying should be done in calm conditions to prevent drift, and it is best to target the undersides of leaves, where many weeds absorb herbicides more effectively. Applying during the early morning or late afternoon can also help reduce evaporation and enhance absorption.
Drenching: When and How to Use It
Drenching is another effective method for applying hydrocotyle weedkiller, particularly in areas where the weed is well-established. This technique involves applying the herbicide directly to the soil around the base of the plant, allowing it to be absorbed through the roots. Drenching is especially useful for systemic weedkillers, which travel through the plant to kill it from within.
To perform a drenching application, mix the hydrocotyle weedkiller according to the product instructions. Pour the solution directly onto the soil, ensuring that you saturate the root zone of the Hydrocotyle. This method is particularly effective during the early growth stages of the weed, as it can significantly reduce its ability to spread.
When using the drenching method, be mindful of nearby desirable plants. Ensure that the herbicide does not come into contact with their roots, as this can lead to unintended damage. Drenching can be particularly effective in managing larger patches of Hydrocotyle where foliar spraying may be less practical.
Soil Application Methods
Granular Application: Pros and Cons
Granular applications of hydrocotyle weedkiller offer an alternative method for controlling this invasive weed. This method involves spreading granules of herbicide over the affected area, allowing them to dissolve in moisture and penetrate the soil. Granular applications can be particularly beneficial in larger areas where precise targeting is challenging.
One of the primary advantages of granular application is its ease of use. This method requires less equipment compared to spraying, and it can often be applied more quickly. Additionally, granular weedkillers can provide longer-lasting control, as they remain in the soil and continue to act on any emerging Hydrocotyle.
However, there are some drawbacks to consider. Granular applications may not be as effective on existing foliage, as they primarily target the root system. Therefore, it is often best to use this method in conjunction with foliar applications for comprehensive control. Furthermore, care must be taken to apply the granules evenly to avoid creating hotspots that could harm desirable plants.
Pre-emergent vs. Post-emergent Applications
Understanding the difference between pre-emergent and post-emergent applications is vital for effective hydrocotyle control. Pre-emergent herbicides are designed to prevent the germination of weed seeds, making them ideal for areas that are prone to new Hydrocotyle infestations. These applications should be made before the weed begins to emerge, typically in early spring.
On the other hand, post-emergent applications target existing Hydrocotyle plants. This method is effective when the weed is actively growing, allowing the herbicide to penetrate the foliage and disrupt its growth. Timing is crucial for post-emergent applications, as applying too early or too late can reduce effectiveness.
Using a combination of both pre-emergent and post-emergent applications can create a comprehensive strategy for managing Hydrocotyle. By preventing new growth while also targeting existing plants, you can significantly reduce the chances of reinfestation and maintain a healthy garden or lawn.
Targeting Hydrocotyle: Strategies for Success
Spot Treatment Techniques
Spot treatment is a targeted approach to applying hydrocotyle weedkiller, focusing on specific areas where the weed is present. This method is particularly useful for small patches of Hydrocotyle, where a full-area application may be unnecessary and could harm surrounding plants.
To perform spot treatments, identify the areas where Hydrocotyle is growing and prepare your sprayer or applicator accordingly. Using a smaller nozzle can help control the application and minimize drift. When applying the weedkiller, aim for thorough coverage of the leaves, ensuring that the herbicide reaches the plant’s foliage for maximum effectiveness.
Spot treatments can be repeated as necessary, especially after monitoring the area for any signs of re-emergence. This method not only conserves resources by targeting only the problem areas but also protects the surrounding ecosystem from unnecessary chemical exposure.
Systemic Weedkillers: How They Work
Systemic weedkillers are highly effective against Hydrocotyle due to their ability to be absorbed by the plant and translocated throughout its system. Unlike contact herbicides, which only affect the parts of the plant they touch, systemic herbicides work from the inside out, effectively killing the entire plant.
When using systemic hydrocotyle weedkiller, it is essential to apply it during the plant’s active growth phase, as this is when absorption is at its peak. The herbicide travels through the plant’s vascular system, targeting the roots and foliage, leading to comprehensive control of the weed.
For optimal results, consider combining systemic applications with other methods, such as foliar spraying or granular applications, to create a multi-faceted approach to hydrocotyle management. This strategy not only enhances effectiveness but also helps to ensure long-term control of this invasive weed.
By understanding and implementing these effective application methods, you can successfully manage hydrocotyle in your garden or lawn, protecting your desired plants and maintaining the beauty of your outdoor spaces.
Effective Application Methods for Hydrocotyle Weedkiller
Foliar Application Techniques
Spraying: Equipment and Techniques
When it comes to applying hydrocotyle weedkiller, spraying is one of the most effective methods for targeting this invasive weed. To achieve optimal results, it is essential to use the right equipment and techniques. A backpack sprayer or a handheld sprayer can be ideal for small to medium-sized areas, while larger properties may benefit from a tractor-mounted sprayer.
Before you begin, ensure that your sprayer is clean and free from any residue of previous chemicals. Fill the sprayer with the hydrocotyle weedkiller according to the manufacturer’s instructions, paying close attention to the recommended dilution rates. To achieve even coverage, hold the sprayer nozzle approximately 30 centimeters above the target foliage and apply in a sweeping motion.
Timing is crucial when spraying hydrocotyle weedkiller. The best time to spray is during the active growing season, typically in spring and early summer. This is when the plant is most vulnerable and can absorb the herbicide effectively. Avoid spraying on windy days to prevent drift, which can affect surrounding plants.
After application, monitor the treated area for signs of effectiveness, such as leaf wilting and discoloration. It may take several days to see visible results, so patience is key. Reapplication may be necessary if the hydrocotyle persists.
Drenching: When and How to Use It
Drenching is another effective method for applying hydrocotyle weedkiller, particularly in areas where the weed has established a strong root system. This technique involves applying the herbicide directly to the soil around the base of the plant, allowing the roots to absorb the chemical effectively.
To use the drenching method, prepare a concentrated solution of hydrocotyle weedkiller according to the product instructions. Using a watering can or a garden sprayer, carefully pour the solution around the base of the plant, ensuring that the soil is thoroughly saturated. Be cautious not to oversaturate, as this can lead to runoff and potential damage to nearby plants.
Drenching is particularly effective in the early morning or late afternoon when temperatures are cooler, reducing evaporation and allowing for maximum absorption. As with spraying, monitor the area for changes in the hydrocotyle’s health and be prepared to reapply if necessary.
Soil Application Methods
Granular Application: Pros and Cons
Granular hydrocotyle weedkillers offer a different approach to managing this invasive weed. These products are designed to be spread over the soil surface, where they dissolve in moisture and are absorbed by the roots of the hydrocotyle.
One significant advantage of granular applications is their ease of use. They can be applied using a broadcast spreader, which ensures even distribution across larger areas. Additionally, granular weedkillers often provide a longer residual effect, meaning they can continue to suppress hydrocotyle growth over an extended period.
However, there are some drawbacks to consider. Granular applications may take longer to show results compared to foliar methods, as the weed must first absorb the chemical through the soil. Moreover, the effectiveness of granular weedkillers can be influenced by rainfall and soil moisture levels, which can either enhance or hinder their efficacy.
For optimal results, apply granular hydrocotyle weedkiller during the active growing season, ensuring that the soil is moist but not saturated. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application rates and timing.
Pre-emergent vs. Post-emergent Applications
Understanding the difference between pre-emergent and post-emergent applications is vital for effective hydrocotyle management. Pre-emergent herbicides are designed to prevent weed seeds from germinating, making them ideal for use before the hydrocotyle begins to sprout in your garden. These products create a barrier in the soil that inhibits seedling development.
On the other hand, post-emergent hydrocotyle weedkillers are applied to actively growing plants. These herbicides work by targeting the foliage and roots of established weeds, effectively killing them. When choosing between the two, consider the current state of your hydrocotyle infestation. If you are dealing with an existing problem, post-emergent applications will be necessary. Conversely, if you want to prevent future growth, incorporating pre-emergent herbicides into your routine can be beneficial.
Timing is crucial for both types of applications. For pre-emergent herbicides, apply them in early spring before the hydrocotyle seeds germinate. For post-emergent products, wait until the plants are actively growing, typically in late spring or early summer.
Targeting Hydrocotyle: Strategies for Success
Spot Treatment Techniques
Spot treatment is a highly effective strategy for managing localized hydrocotyle infestations. This method involves applying hydrocotyle weedkiller directly to the affected areas, minimizing chemical use and reducing the risk of harming surrounding plants.
To perform spot treatments, use a small hand sprayer or a paintbrush to apply the herbicide precisely on the leaves and stems of the hydrocotyle. This method allows for targeted application, ensuring that the weedkiller reaches the plant without affecting nearby vegetation.
It’s essential to monitor the treated area closely after application. If you notice any signs of regrowth, reapply the hydrocotyle weedkiller as needed. Spot treatments can be repeated throughout the growing season, particularly after heavy rainfall or if the hydrocotyle appears to be recovering.
Systemic Weedkillers: How They Work
Systemic weedkillers are designed to penetrate the plant’s tissues and travel through the vascular system, effectively killing the entire plant, including the roots. This makes them particularly effective against persistent weeds like hydrocotyle.
When using systemic hydrocotyle weedkillers, it is crucial to apply them during the plant’s active growth phase, typically in spring or early summer. The herbicide should be applied to healthy, green foliage to ensure maximum absorption.
Once the systemic weedkiller is absorbed, it will move throughout the plant, leading to wilting and eventual death. This method is especially beneficial for larger infestations, as it targets the entire plant rather than just the visible parts.
In conclusion, mastering the effective application methods for hydrocotyle weedkiller is essential for any gardener or landscaper in New Zealand. By understanding the various techniques available—such as foliar spraying, drenching, granular applications, and systemic treatments—you can take proactive steps to manage this invasive weed effectively. Combining these methods with an integrated weed management strategy will further enhance your success in reclaiming your garden or lawn from hydrocotyle.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is hydrocotyle weedkiller and how does it work?
Hydrocotyle weedkiller is a specialized herbicide designed to effectively target and eliminate hydrocotyle species, which are often problematic in gardens and lawns. It works by disrupting the growth processes of the plant, inhibiting photosynthesis and nutrient absorption. This selective action helps to kill the unwanted hydrocotyle without harming surrounding desirable plants when applied correctly.
When is the best time to apply hydrocotyle weedkiller?
The optimal time to apply hydrocotyle weedkiller is during the active growth phase of the hydrocotyle plants, typically in late spring to early summer. At this time, the plants are more susceptible to herbicides, ensuring a more effective kill. Avoid applying during extreme heat or drought conditions, as this can stress the plants and reduce the effectiveness of the weedkiller.
What application methods are recommended for hydrocotyle weedkiller?
Several application methods can be used for hydrocotyle weedkiller, including spray application, spot treatment, and soil drench. Spray application is effective for larger infestations, while spot treatment is ideal for localized areas. A soil drench involves applying the herbicide directly to the soil around the hydrocotyle, allowing it to be absorbed by the roots. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the best results.
How can I ensure even application of hydrocotyle weedkiller?
To ensure even application of hydrocotyle weedkiller, use a calibrated sprayer or a backpack sprayer with adjustable nozzles. Begin at one edge of the treatment area and move in a systematic pattern to avoid missing spots. Maintain a consistent walking speed and distance between spray passes. Additionally, applying on a calm day can help prevent drift to desirable plants.
Are there any safety precautions I should take when using hydrocotyle weedkiller?
Yes, several safety precautions should be taken when using hydrocotyle weedkiller. Always wear protective clothing, including gloves, goggles, and a mask, to minimize exposure. It’s important to read the label carefully and follow all safety instructions. Keep pets and children away from treated areas until the product has dried and is safe to re-enter.
What should I do if I accidentally apply hydrocotyle weedkiller to desirable plants?
If hydrocotyle weedkiller is accidentally applied to desirable plants, immediately rinse the affected area with water to dilute the herbicide. Depending on the type of weedkiller used, this may help reduce the potential damage. Monitor the plants closely for signs of stress, and consider consulting a local gardening expert for further advice on recovery strategies.
How long does it take for hydrocotyle weedkiller to show results?
Results from hydrocotyle weedkiller application can typically be seen within a few days to two weeks, depending on the specific product used and environmental conditions. The hydrocotyle plants will start to wilt and discolor as the herbicide takes effect. It’s important to be patient and avoid reapplying the product too soon, as this can lead to chemical buildup and damage to the soil.
Can hydrocotyle weedkiller be used in vegetable gardens?
Generally, hydrocotyle weedkiller is not recommended for use in vegetable gardens, as it can harm edible plants. It’s crucial to read the label carefully and look for specific guidelines regarding its use in vegetable gardens. If you have hydrocotyle issues in these areas, consider alternative control methods such as manual removal or organic herbicides that are safe for edible plants.
References
- Effective Application Methods for Weeds – A comprehensive guide on how to effectively apply weedkillers, including hydrocotyle, in gardens and lawns.
- Hydrocotyle Weed Control – Tips and techniques for controlling hydrocotyle in your garden, focusing on the best application methods for weedkillers.
- Controlling Weeds in Lawns – The Royal Horticultural Society provides advice on the effective use of weedkillers, including application methods for various types of weeds.
- Controlling Weeds in Lawns – University of Minnesota Extension’s detailed guidelines on effective weed control, including hydrocotyle, with application strategies.
- Hydrocotyle Weed Control Guide – A gardening resource that outlines methods for controlling hydrocotyle, including effective application techniques for herbicides.
- How to Get Rid of Hydrocotyle – A practical guide on managing hydrocotyle in your garden, detailing application methods for weedkillers.
- Hydrocotyle Weed Control Techniques – A thorough look at effective control methods for hydrocotyle, emphasizing the proper application of weedkillers.