Did you know that nearly 30% of what we throw away can be composted? As more people become aware of their environmental footprint, the quest for sustainable living has surged, making composting an essential skill for eco-conscious individuals. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a curious beginner, understanding how to compost effectively is crucial for reducing waste and enriching your soil. This comprehensive guide to choosing the right composting method—whether it’s hot, cold, or the innovative Bokashi technique—will empower you to take control of your organic waste and transform it into a nutrient-rich resource for your plants.
As you delve deeper into this article, you’ll uncover valuable insights into the benefits and challenges of each composting method, along with practical tips on how to compost how to suit your lifestyle and space. From speeding up the decomposition process with hot composting to the convenience of the Bokashi method for urban dwellers, we’ll explore how these techniques can fit seamlessly into your routine. Join us on this journey to discover the best composting solution for you, and watch as your garden flourishes while you contribute to a healthier planet.
- Fruit and vegetable scraps
- Coffee grounds and filters
- Grass clippings
- Fresh plant trimmings
- Dried leaves
- Straw or hay
- Shredded paper or cardboard
- Wood chips
- Meat and fish scraps
- Dairy products
- Oily foods
- Pet waste
- Diseased plants
Understanding Composting
What is Composting?
Composting is the natural process of recycling organic matter, such as food scraps and yard waste, into a valuable fertilizer that can enrich soil and support plant growth. In New Zealand, where over 3 million tonnes of organic waste are generated annually, composting plays a vital role in reducing landfill waste and promoting environmental sustainability. By transforming waste into nutrient-rich compost, we can significantly decrease the amount of organic material that ends up in landfills, thus mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing soil health.
The benefits of composting extend beyond waste reduction. Composting enriches soil, improves its structure, and increases its ability to retain moisture. This is particularly important in New Zealand’s diverse climates, where soil health can be a significant factor in successful gardening and agriculture. Additionally, composting fosters a more sustainable lifestyle by encouraging individuals to take responsibility for their waste and contribute to a circular economy.
How Composting Works
At its core, composting involves the decomposition of organic materials through the action of microorganisms, fungi, and other decomposers. These organisms break down the organic matter, transforming it into compost through a process that requires the right balance of carbon, nitrogen, moisture, and oxygen. Understanding the science behind composting can help you master the art of composting effectively.
The decomposition process begins when microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, feed on the organic matter. These microorganisms thrive in environments where there is an adequate supply of oxygen and moisture. The temperature of the compost pile also plays a crucial role; as microorganisms break down the materials, they generate heat, which can accelerate the decomposition process.
A key concept in composting is the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio. Carbon-rich materials, often referred to as “browns,” include items like dried leaves, straw, and cardboard. Nitrogen-rich materials, or “greens,” consist of kitchen scraps, grass clippings, and fresh plant trimmings. The ideal C:N ratio for efficient composting is approximately 30:1, meaning that for every 30 parts carbon, there should be about one part nitrogen. Achieving this balance is essential for promoting microbial activity and ensuring a successful composting process.
Types of Organic Materials Suitable for Composting
When considering what to compost, it’s important to know which materials are suitable and which should be avoided. In general, compostable materials can be categorized into two groups: greens and browns.
Greens include:
Browns include:
These materials provide the necessary nutrients for microorganisms to thrive, ultimately leading to the production of rich compost.
However, not all organic materials are suitable for composting. Items to avoid include:
These materials can attract pests, produce unpleasant odors, and introduce pathogens into your compost. To create a successful compost pile, it is essential to focus on the right types of organic materials and maintain a balanced mix of greens and browns.
In summary, understanding composting is the first step toward creating a sustainable practice that benefits both the environment and your garden. By grasping the fundamentals of composting, including the decomposition process, the importance of C:N ratios, and the types of materials suitable for composting, you will be well-equipped to begin your composting journey. Whether you choose hot, cold, or Bokashi composting methods, this knowledge will serve you well as you learn how to compost effectively and contribute to a healthier planet.
As you explore the various composting methods available, consider which approach aligns best with your lifestyle and gardening goals. With the right information and a commitment to sustainability, you can make a significant impact on reducing organic waste in New Zealand, enriching your soil, and promoting a greener future.
Hot Composting
What is Hot Composting?
Hot composting is an efficient method of composting that utilizes the natural heat generated by the decomposition of organic materials. This process involves creating a compost pile that reaches high temperatures, typically between 130°F to 160°F (54°C to 71°C), allowing for rapid breakdown of materials. The heat produced during this process not only speeds up decomposition but also helps to eliminate pathogens and weed seeds, making hot composting an excellent choice for gardeners looking to create nutrient-rich compost quickly.
The hot composting process begins with the careful selection and layering of organic materials, which can include kitchen scraps, yard waste, and other biodegradable items. The key to successful hot composting lies in achieving the right balance of carbon-rich materials (browns) and nitrogen-rich materials (greens). This balance is crucial for maintaining the ideal carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, which is typically around 30:1.
Benefits of Hot Composting
Hot composting offers numerous benefits that make it an appealing option for both novice and experienced composters. Firstly, the rapid breakdown of materials means that compost can be ready for use in as little as four to eight weeks. This quick turnaround is particularly advantageous for gardeners who need compost for planting seasons.
Another significant benefit of hot composting is its ability to kill pathogens and weed seeds. The high temperatures reached during the composting process effectively sterilize the materials, ensuring that the compost produced is safe and free from harmful organisms. This is especially important for those who are concerned about introducing diseases or invasive plants into their gardens.
Furthermore, hot composting can be done in a relatively small space, making it suitable for urban gardeners or those with limited outdoor areas. With the right setup and management, hot composting can yield high-quality compost without requiring a large investment in time or resources.
How to Start Hot Composting
Getting started with hot composting involves a few essential steps. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you create your own hot compost pile:
Building a Hot Compost Pile
1. Choose the Right Location: Select a well-drained area in your garden that receives partial sunlight. This will help maintain the temperature of the compost pile and promote aerobic decomposition.
2. Gather Your Materials: Collect a mix of carbon-rich (browns) and nitrogen-rich (greens) materials. Good brown materials include dried leaves, straw, and cardboard, while green materials can include fresh grass clippings, vegetable scraps, and coffee grounds.
3. Layering: Start your compost pile by adding a layer of coarse materials, such as straw or small branches, to promote aeration. Then alternate layers of greens and browns, ensuring that each layer is about 6 inches thick. Aim for a balanced mix to achieve the ideal C:N ratio.
4. Size Matters: Aim for a compost pile that is at least 3 feet wide and 3 feet tall. This size helps generate sufficient heat for the composting process.
Managing Moisture and Aeration
Maintaining the right moisture level is crucial for hot composting. The pile should feel like a damp sponge—moist but not soggy. If the pile is too dry, it will not heat up properly; if it’s too wet, it can become anaerobic and produce unpleasant odors.
Aeration is also vital. Turning the pile every few weeks helps introduce oxygen, which is necessary for aerobic bacteria to thrive. Use a pitchfork or compost aerator to mix the materials thoroughly, ensuring that the hotter, decomposing materials are moved to the center of the pile.
Turning the Pile and Monitoring Temperature
Regularly monitoring the temperature of your compost pile is essential for successful hot composting. Use a compost thermometer to check the internal temperature, aiming to maintain it within the 130°F to 160°F range. If the temperature starts to drop, it may be a sign that the pile needs turning or that additional materials should be added.
Turning the pile not only helps maintain temperature but also redistributes moisture and aeration, promoting even decomposition. Aim to turn your pile every 1-2 weeks, especially in the early stages when the materials are breaking down rapidly.
Ideal Conditions and Timeline
For successful hot composting, several conditions must be met. The ideal temperature range for hot composting is between 130°F to 160°F (54°C to 71°C). Within this range, the microbial activity is at its peak, leading to efficient decomposition.
Typically, a well-managed hot compost pile can produce finished compost in as little as four to eight weeks. However, this timeline can vary based on factors such as the materials used, the size of the pile, and the frequency of turning. Regular monitoring and adjustment will help ensure that your compost is ready when you need it.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
While hot composting can be straightforward, there are common pitfalls to avoid:
1. Overloading with Nitrogen-Rich Materials: Too much green material can lead to a pile that is too wet and smelly. Balance is key, so always include sufficient browns.
2. Insufficient Aeration or Moisture: Lack of oxygen can result in anaerobic conditions, leading to odor problems. Make sure to turn your pile regularly and monitor moisture levels.
3. Ignoring Temperature Changes: Failing to check the temperature can result in a pile that cools down too much, slowing down the composting process. Use a thermometer to keep track of the heat.
Case Study: Hot Composting in New Zealand Gardens
In a typical New Zealand garden, hot composting can be effectively implemented to manage organic waste and produce high-quality compost. For instance, a local gardener in Wellington started a hot composting system in her backyard to reduce kitchen waste and improve her vegetable garden’s soil quality.
She began by collecting kitchen scraps, such as vegetable peels and coffee grounds, along with garden waste like grass clippings and leaves. By carefully layering these materials and ensuring proper aeration and moisture, she was able to maintain the ideal temperature range in her compost pile.
Within six weeks, she had rich, dark compost ready to use in her garden. The process not only helped her recycle waste but also enhanced her garden’s productivity, demonstrating the effectiveness of hot composting in New Zealand’s unique climate.
Hot composting is an excellent choice for those looking to efficiently manage organic waste while enriching their garden soil. By following the steps outlined above and avoiding common mistakes, anyone can successfully start hot composting and contribute to a more sustainable environment. For more tips on compost how to, be sure to explore additional resources that delve deeper into the intricacies of composting in New Zealand.
- Temperature: Unlike hot composting, cold composting does not require specific temperature ranges. The decomposition process occurs at ambient temperatures, which can vary based on the season.
- Moisture Levels: Maintaining adequate moisture is crucial. The compost pile should feel damp but not waterlogged. Regularly check the moisture levels, especially during dry spells.
- Time Frame for Compost Readiness: Cold composting can take anywhere from six months to two years for the compost to fully mature. The timeline will depend on factors such as the size of the pile, types of materials used, and environmental conditions.
Cold Composting
What is Cold Composting?
Cold composting is a method of composting that relies on the natural decomposition of organic materials over time without the need for intensive management or high temperatures. Unlike hot composting, which requires careful monitoring of temperature and moisture levels, cold composting is a more relaxed approach that allows materials to break down at their own pace. This method is particularly suitable for those who prefer a low-maintenance composting solution or have limited time to dedicate to compost management.
In cold composting, organic materials are simply piled together in a designated area, such as a compost bin or heap, and left to decompose naturally. The process can take anywhere from six months to two years, depending on the materials used and environmental conditions. This method is ideal for gardeners who want to enrich their soil over time without the need for constant attention.
Benefits of Cold Composting
Cold composting offers several advantages that make it an attractive option for many gardeners. Here are some key benefits:
1. Minimal Effort and Maintenance: One of the most appealing aspects of cold composting is the low level of effort required. Once you set up your compost pile, you can largely leave it alone, making it a perfect choice for busy individuals or those new to composting.
2. Preservation of Nutrients and Beneficial Organisms: Cold composting allows for a slower decomposition process, which can help preserve valuable nutrients and beneficial microorganisms present in the organic materials. This can lead to a richer compost that enhances soil health.
3. Flexibility in Material Selection: Cold composting is forgiving in terms of the types of materials that can be added. You can include a wide variety of organic waste, including kitchen scraps, yard waste, and even certain paper products. However, it’s important to avoid adding meat, dairy, and oily foods, as these can attract pests and create odors.
4. Low Cost: Setting up a cold composting system is often inexpensive since it typically requires little more than a designated space or bin. You can easily create a compost pile using materials you already have at home.
5. Environmentally Friendly: By composting your organic waste, you are actively reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. This is particularly important in New Zealand, where organic waste contributes significantly to landfill issues.
How to Start Cold Composting
Starting a cold composting system is straightforward and requires minimal materials. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to set up your cold compost pile:
1. Choose a Location: Select a well-drained, shaded area in your garden for your compost pile. This will help prevent the pile from becoming too dry in hot weather and reduce the risk of odors.
2. Gather Materials: Collect a mix of green (nitrogen-rich) and brown (carbon-rich) materials. Green materials include kitchen scraps like fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds, and grass clippings. Brown materials include dry leaves, straw, and cardboard. Aim for a balanced mixture, with a ratio of about 2:1 brown to green materials.
3. Layering: Start building your compost pile by layering the materials. Begin with a layer of coarse brown materials at the bottom to improve aeration. Alternate between layers of green and brown materials, ensuring that you cover each layer of greens with a layer of browns. This layering helps to maintain a balanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which is essential for effective composting.
4. Moisture Management: Ensure that your compost pile is moist but not soggy. If the materials feel dry, add a little water, but avoid over-saturating the pile. A good rule of thumb is to keep the compost pile as damp as a wrung-out sponge.
5. Turning the Pile (Optional): While cold composting doesn’t require turning the pile as frequently as hot composting, doing so occasionally can help speed up the decomposition process. If you choose to turn the pile, do so every few months to aerate it and mix the materials.
6. Patience: Cold composting takes time. Depending on the materials used and environmental conditions, it can take anywhere from six months to two years for your compost to be ready. During this time, resist the urge to add new materials to the pile, as this can slow down the decomposition process.
Ideal Conditions and Timeline
Cold composting is best suited for temperate climates, such as those found in many regions of New Zealand. The ideal conditions for cold composting include:
Common Mistakes to Avoid
While cold composting is relatively easy, there are some common pitfalls to watch out for:
1. Lack of Moisture: One of the biggest mistakes is allowing the compost pile to dry out. If the materials become too dry, decomposition will slow significantly. Regularly check and adjust moisture levels as needed.
2. Improper Material Balance: Failing to maintain a proper balance of green and brown materials can lead to a smelly compost pile or slow decomposition. Remember to layer your materials and aim for a 2:1 ratio of browns to greens.
3. Adding Non-Compostable Materials: Avoid adding meat, dairy, and oily foods to your cold compost pile, as these can attract pests and create unpleasant odors. Stick to plant-based materials for the best results.
4. Neglecting the Pile: While cold composting requires less maintenance than hot composting, neglecting the pile entirely can lead to issues such as compaction or excessive drying. Check on your compost pile periodically to ensure everything is progressing well.
Case Study: Cold Composting in New Zealand Community Gardens
In a community garden located in Wellington, a group of enthusiastic gardeners implemented a cold composting system to manage their organic waste collectively. They designated a corner of the garden for their compost pile and established a simple routine for adding materials.
The community members took turns contributing kitchen scraps, yard waste, and shredded paper to the pile. They created a layering system, alternating between green and brown materials, and ensured that the pile remained adequately moist.
Over time, the community noticed the benefits of their cold composting efforts. Not only did they significantly reduce their waste, but they also produced rich compost that enriched the garden soil. The gardeners used the finished compost to nourish their vegetable beds, resulting in healthier plants and a more abundant harvest.
This successful case study illustrates how cold composting can be an effective and low-maintenance solution for managing organic waste in community settings. It highlights the importance of collaboration and shared responsibility in promoting sustainable practices.
In conclusion, cold composting is an excellent choice for those seeking a straightforward, low-maintenance method of composting. By understanding the process, benefits, and potential pitfalls, you can embark on your journey toward creating nutrient-rich compost for your garden. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, cold composting offers a practical solution for managing organic waste and enhancing soil health. For more information on compost how to and other composting techniques, continue exploring the various methods available to you.
- Fermentation Process: The anaerobic fermentation process effectively breaks down food scraps, including meat, dairy, and cooked foods, which are typically avoided in other composting methods.
- Odor Control: When done correctly, Bokashi composting produces minimal odors, making it an ideal choice for indoor composting.
- Quick Composting: The fermentation process takes only 2-4 weeks, allowing you to quickly convert food waste into compost.
- Nutrient-Rich Compost: The end product is a nutrient-dense material that can be added to soil or used as a soil amendment.
- Liquid Leachate: The process produces a liquid byproduct that can be diluted and used as a powerful fertilizer for plants.
- Overfilling the Bin: Avoid packing the bin too tightly; this can prevent proper fermentation. Ensure there is enough space for air circulation.
- Using Non-Compostable Materials: Only use suitable food scraps. Avoid adding items that are not organic or biodegradable.
- Neglecting the Liquid Leachate: Regularly drain the leachate to prevent overflow and ensure your plants receive the nutrients they need.
Bokashi Composting: An In-Depth Guide
Bokashi composting is a unique and effective method of composting that has gained popularity in New Zealand and around the world. Unlike traditional composting methods, Bokashi involves a fermentation process that allows you to compost food scraps, including those that are typically not suitable for other composting techniques. This section will delve into the specifics of Bokashi composting, its benefits, how to get started, ideal conditions, common pitfalls to avoid, and real-life examples of successful implementation in New Zealand households.
What is Bokashi Composting?
Bokashi composting is a method that utilizes a fermentation process to break down organic waste. The term “Bokashi” comes from the Japanese word meaning “fermented organic matter.” This method involves layering food scraps in a sealed container, where they are treated with a special mix of microorganisms known as Bokashi bran. This bran contains beneficial bacteria that accelerate the fermentation process, effectively turning food waste into nutrient-rich compost in a matter of weeks.
Benefits of Bokashi Composting
One of the standout features of Bokashi composting is its ability to handle a wider range of organic materials compared to traditional composting methods. Here are some key benefits:
How to Start Bokashi Composting
If you’re interested in Bokashi composting, here’s a step-by-step guide to get you started:
1. Setting Up Your Bokashi Bin
To begin, you will need a Bokashi bin, which is typically a plastic container with a tight-fitting lid. This container should be airtight to facilitate the fermentation process. You can purchase a Bokashi bin from garden centers or online retailers in New Zealand.
2. Layering Food Scraps
Once you have your bin, start layering your food scraps. You can include fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds, eggshells, and even meat and dairy products. However, avoid adding large bones or very oily foods. As you add food scraps, be sure to chop them into smaller pieces to speed up the fermentation process.
3. Adding Bokashi Bran
After adding a layer of food scraps, sprinkle a layer of Bokashi bran over the top. This bran is essential, as it contains the beneficial microorganisms needed for fermentation. Make sure to cover the food scraps evenly with the bran.
4. Sealing the Bin
Close the lid tightly to create an anaerobic environment. This is crucial for the fermentation process. Store the bin in a cool, dark place, such as a kitchen cupboard or pantry.
5. Fermentation Process
Allow the food scraps to ferment for about 2-4 weeks. During this time, you may notice the bin becoming full. If it fills up, you can start a new bin or transfer the contents to a compost pile or garden bed. It’s important to keep the bin sealed during fermentation to prevent odors and pests.
6. Using the Liquid Leachate
As the scraps ferment, liquid will accumulate at the bottom of the bin. This liquid is known as leachate and is a potent fertilizer. You can drain this liquid and dilute it with water (typically 1:100 ratio) before applying it to your plants.
Ideal Conditions and Timeline
The ideal conditions for Bokashi composting include a consistent temperature between 15°C and 30°C. If the temperature is too low, the fermentation process may slow down. Conversely, if it’s too hot, the beneficial microorganisms may die off. The fermentation process typically takes 2-4 weeks, after which the contents can be buried in the garden or added to a traditional compost pile for further breakdown.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
While Bokashi composting is relatively straightforward, there are a few common mistakes that can hinder the process:
Case Study: Implementing Bokashi in New Zealand Households
Many households in New Zealand have successfully adopted Bokashi composting. For example, the Smith family from Auckland began using a Bokashi bin in their kitchen to manage food scraps. They found that not only did it significantly reduce their waste, but it also provided them with nutrient-rich compost that improved their garden’s soil quality. By integrating Bokashi composting into their routine, they have made a positive impact on their household waste and contributed to a more sustainable lifestyle.
Conclusion
Bokashi composting is an innovative and efficient way to manage organic waste, especially for those looking to compost food scraps that are typically difficult to process. Its unique fermentation process offers numerous benefits, including quick composting, odor control, and the ability to compost a wide range of materials. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can easily implement Bokashi composting in your home, contributing to a more sustainable future while enriching your garden’s soil. Whether you’re a seasoned composter or just starting, understanding the intricacies of Bokashi composting will empower you to reduce waste effectively. So, if you’re wondering how to compost, consider Bokashi as a viable option for your composting journey.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are the main differences between hot, cold, and Bokashi composting methods?
The primary differences between hot, cold, and Bokashi composting lie in their processes, speed, and materials. Hot composting involves maintaining a high temperature by actively aerating the pile and requires a balance of greens and browns, resulting in compost ready in a few weeks. Cold composting is a more passive approach, allowing organic materials to decompose over time without specific management, which can take months or even years. Bokashi composting, on the other hand, uses anaerobic fermentation with the addition of Bokashi bran, allowing for quicker decomposition of kitchen scraps in a sealed container, producing compost in about 4 to 6 weeks.
Which composting method is best for beginners?
For beginners, cold composting is often the most straightforward method as it requires minimal maintenance and equipment. You can simply add organic waste to a pile or bin and let nature take its course. However, if you want faster results and are willing to put in a bit more effort, hot composting can be a great choice as it provides a structured approach with clear guidelines. Bokashi composting is also an option for those who want to compost kitchen scraps quickly and have limited outdoor space, as it can be done indoors.
How do I start hot composting?
To start hot composting, you will need a compost bin or a designated space for your pile. Begin by layering green materials (nitrogen-rich) like vegetable scraps and grass clippings with brown materials (carbon-rich) such as dry leaves and cardboard. Aim for a ratio of about 3:1 browns to greens. Turn the pile regularly to aerate it, which helps maintain the high temperatures needed for rapid decomposition. Monitor the moisture level, ensuring it’s damp but not soggy, and your compost should be ready in a few weeks.
Can I compost meat and dairy with Bokashi composting?
Yes, one of the advantages of Bokashi composting is that it allows you to compost meat, dairy, and oily foods, which are typically not recommended in traditional composting methods. The Bokashi fermentation process effectively breaks down these materials, preventing odors and pests. Once the Bokashi bin is full, you can bury the pre-compost in your garden or add it to a traditional compost pile to complete the decomposition process.
What materials should I avoid in my compost pile?
When composting, it’s essential to avoid certain materials that can create problems. Do not include meat, dairy, or oily foods in traditional hot or cold composting, as they can attract pests and produce odors. Additionally, avoid glossy paper, diseased plants, and any materials treated with chemicals or pesticides. Bokashi composting can handle some of these materials, but it’s best to follow guidelines for each method to ensure a successful composting experience.
How often should I turn my hot compost pile?
For hot composting, you should aim to turn your compost pile every 3 to 5 days. This frequent turning helps to aerate the pile, which is essential for maintaining high temperatures and promoting rapid decomposition. If you notice that the pile is not heating up or is compacted, turning it more often can help introduce oxygen and boost microbial activity, leading to faster composting.
What is the ideal temperature for hot composting?
The ideal temperature for hot composting typically ranges from 130°F to 160°F (54°C to 71°C). At this temperature, microbial activity is at its peak, which accelerates the breakdown of organic materials and helps kill pathogens and weed seeds. You can monitor the temperature using a compost thermometer, and if it drops below 130°F, it’s a sign to turn the pile or adjust the moisture and aeration levels.
How can I speed up the cold composting process?
To speed up the cold composting process, you can chop or shred your materials into smaller pieces, which increases their surface area and allows for faster decomposition. Additionally, maintaining a good balance of greens and browns, keeping the pile moist, and turning it occasionally can help enhance microbial activity. While cold composting is slower than other methods, these tips can help you achieve compost more quickly.
Is it necessary to add worms to my compost pile?
Adding worms to your compost pile is not necessary for traditional hot or cold composting, as these methods rely on natural decomposition processes. However, if you are interested in vermicomposting, which is a method of composting that utilizes worms to break down organic matter, it can be a beneficial addition. Worms can help speed up the breakdown of materials and produce nutrient-rich worm castings, enhancing the overall quality of your
References
- Composting at Home – A guide from the EPA on various composting methods, including hot and cold composting techniques.
- What is Bokashi? – An overview of the Bokashi composting method, its benefits, and how to implement it.
- The Ultimate Guide to Composting Methods – A comprehensive article discussing different composting techniques and their pros and cons.
- The Bokashi Composting Method – Insights into the Bokashi method and how it differs from traditional composting.
- Composting – A practical guide from Gardening Australia on various composting methods, including tips for successful composting.
- Choosing a Composting Method – A resource from My Garden NZ that outlines different composting methods and their applications.
- Composting 101 – An introductory guide on composting techniques from HGTV, covering hot, cold, and Bokashi methods.