Did you know that growing black-eyed susans not only brightens your garden but can also attract beneficial pollinators like bees and butterflies? These vibrant, cheerful flowers are a favorite among gardeners, yet they can be susceptible to a range of pests and diseases that threaten their health and beauty. Understanding how to effectively manage these issues is crucial for any gardener looking to maintain a thriving patch of black-eyed susans. With the right knowledge, you can ensure these resilient blooms continue to flourish, adding color and life to your outdoor space.
In this article, we’ll delve into the common pests and diseases that plague growing black-eyed susans and explore organic solutions that are not only effective but also environmentally friendly. From identifying telltale signs of trouble to implementing natural remedies, you’ll discover practical tips that empower you to take control of your garden. Whether you’re a seasoned horticulturist or a budding enthusiast, the insights shared here will equip you with the tools you need to nurture your black-eyed susans and enjoy a vibrant, healthy garden all season long. So, let’s dig in and uncover the secrets to successful pest and disease management!
Table of Contents
Understanding Black-Eyed Susans
Botanical Profile
Black-Eyed Susans, scientifically known as Rudbeckia hirta, are a cherished addition to gardens in New Zealand, admired for their striking golden-yellow petals and dark brown centers. These perennial flowers are part of the Asteraceae family and are renowned for their hardiness and ability to thrive in diverse conditions. Typically, Black-Eyed Susans grow to a height of 60 to 90 centimeters and feature oval, serrated leaves that are green and hairy. The flowers bloom from late spring to early autumn, providing a vibrant display that attracts pollinators, making them a favorite among gardeners who appreciate both beauty and ecological benefits.
Originating from North America, Black-Eyed Susans have adapted well to New Zealand’s temperate climate. They flourish in a variety of habitats, from open fields to gardens, and are often found in well-drained soils. Their resilience allows them to withstand drought conditions, making them an ideal choice for sustainable gardening practices. As perennial flowers in NZ, they return year after year, providing ongoing beauty and attracting beneficial insects.
Growing Conditions
To ensure the healthy growth of Black-Eyed Susans, it is essential to consider their specific growing conditions.
Soil Requirements
Black-Eyed Susans prefer well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A sandy loam or loamy soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.0 is ideal for these flowers. Good drainage is crucial, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot and other diseases. Adding compost or well-rotted manure can improve soil fertility and structure, promoting robust growth. When planning to grow Black-Eyed Susans, it’s beneficial to conduct a soil test to determine nutrient levels and pH, allowing for appropriate amendments before planting.
Sunlight Needs
These perennial flowers thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight each day. While they can tolerate partial shade, insufficient sunlight may result in leggy growth and fewer blooms. Positioning Black-Eyed Susans in a sunny spot will encourage healthy foliage and vibrant flowers, enhancing their visual appeal in your garden.
Watering Practices
Watering practices play a critical role in the health of Black-Eyed Susans. During the initial establishment phase, it is essential to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Once established, these plants are relatively drought-tolerant; however, regular watering during dry spells will promote better flowering and overall vigor. It’s important to water at the base of the plant to minimize moisture on the leaves, which can help prevent fungal diseases.
Benefits in New Zealand Gardens
Incorporating Black-Eyed Susans into your garden offers numerous benefits, both ecological and aesthetic.
Ecological Impact
One of the most significant advantages of growing Black-Eyed Susans is their role in supporting local ecosystems. These flowers are a magnet for pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects. By planting Black-Eyed Susans, you contribute to the health of the environment by providing essential food sources for these creatures. The presence of pollinators not only enhances the beauty of your garden but also promotes the pollination of other plants, leading to increased biodiversity.
Aesthetic Value
Beyond their ecological contributions, Black-Eyed Susans add vibrant color and texture to gardens. Their cheerful yellow blooms create a striking contrast against green foliage and can be used in various garden designs, from cottage gardens to contemporary landscapes. They are also excellent for cut flower arrangements, bringing a touch of summer indoors. With their long blooming period, Black-Eyed Susans ensure that your garden remains lively and colorful throughout the growing season.
In summary, understanding the botanical profile, growing conditions, and benefits of Black-Eyed Susans is crucial for any gardener looking to enhance their garden with these perennial flowers. By providing the right soil, sunlight, and watering practices, you can cultivate thriving Black-Eyed Susans that not only beautify your space but also support local wildlife and biodiversity. As you explore pest and disease management strategies, remember that healthy plants are the foundation of a flourishing garden.
Common Pests Affecting Black-Eyed Susans
Identifying Pests
Black-Eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta) are beloved perennial flowers in NZ gardens, known for their resilience and vibrant yellow blooms. However, like all plants, they are susceptible to various pests that can compromise their health and beauty. Understanding these pests is crucial for effective management and ensuring your Black-Eyed Susans thrive.
Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that can be green, black, or brown. They typically cluster on the undersides of leaves and feed on the plant’s sap, leading to stunted growth and leaf curling. In New Zealand, aphids are particularly prevalent during warm, dry periods, making them a common issue for gardeners.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny arachnids that thrive in hot and dry conditions. They can cause significant damage to Black-Eyed Susans by sucking the sap from the leaves, resulting in stippling, yellowing, and eventual leaf drop. A fine webbing may also be visible on the undersides of leaves, indicating a spider mite infestation.
Thrips
Thrips are slender, tiny insects that can be yellow, brown, or black. They feed on the flowers and leaves of Black-Eyed Susans, causing silvery streaks and distorted growth. Thrips can also transmit diseases, making their management essential for maintaining healthy plants.
Slugs and Snails
Slugs and snails are common garden pests that can wreak havoc on Black-Eyed Susans, particularly in damp conditions. They feed on the leaves, creating irregular holes and slime trails on the plant. Their activity is most pronounced at night or during wet weather, making them a challenge for gardeners.
Signs of Infestation
Identifying the signs of pest infestations early is crucial for effective management. When growing Black-Eyed Susans, be vigilant for the following symptoms:
Leaf Discoloration
Yellowing or browning leaves can indicate sap-sucking pests like aphids or spider mites. Affected leaves may also exhibit a mottled appearance due to the damage caused by these pests.
Wilting
Wilting plants can be a sign of severe pest damage or stress. If your Black-Eyed Susans are wilting despite adequate watering, check for pests that may be affecting the plant’s ability to uptake water.
Damaged Flowers
Flowers that appear distorted, discolored, or have missing petals may be affected by thrips or other pests. Regularly inspect your blooms to catch any issues early.
Preventive Measures
Preventing pest infestations is often more effective than treating them after they occur. Here are some organic preventive measures to keep your Black-Eyed Susans healthy:
Cultural Practices
Implementing good cultural practices can significantly reduce pest problems. Crop rotation helps break the life cycles of pests, while companion planting with pest-repelling plants (such as marigolds) can deter unwanted visitors. Additionally, maintaining healthy soil through the use of organic compost can boost plant resilience.
Physical Barriers
Using physical barriers is an effective way to protect your Black-Eyed Susans from pests. Row covers can keep pests off young plants, while copper tape can deter slugs and snails. Traps can also be set up to catch these pests before they cause significant damage.
Regular Monitoring
Regularly inspect your plants for signs of pests. Early detection allows for timely intervention, minimizing damage and ensuring your Black-Eyed Susans continue to flourish. Keep a close watch during the growing season, especially after periods of rain, which can encourage pest activity.
Organic Solutions for Pest Control
When pests do become a problem, organic solutions can effectively manage infestations without harming beneficial insects or the environment. Here are some methods to consider:
Natural Predators
Encouraging beneficial insects, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can help control pest populations naturally. These insects feed on aphids and other harmful pests, providing a natural balance in your garden. Planting a diverse array of flowers can attract these helpful allies.
Homemade Remedies
Creating homemade pest control sprays can be an effective and eco-friendly solution. For example, a mixture of neem oil and water can be sprayed on affected plants to deter aphids and spider mites. Garlic spray, made from blending garlic cloves with water, can repel various pests when sprayed on foliage.
Insecticidal Soaps
Insecticidal soaps are another excellent organic option for pest control. These soaps work by suffocating soft-bodied insects like aphids and spider mites. Ensure to apply the soap in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid harming beneficial insects and to prevent leaf burn.
Monitoring and Follow-Up
Once you’ve implemented pest management strategies, regular monitoring is essential to ensure their effectiveness. Check your Black-Eyed Susans frequently for signs of new infestations or damage. If pests reappear, adjust your treatment approach based on the severity of the situation. This might include increasing the frequency of your homemade sprays or introducing more natural predators to your garden.
In conclusion, understanding the common pests that affect Black-Eyed Susans and implementing preventive measures is vital for maintaining healthy plants. By adopting organic solutions and monitoring your garden regularly, you can ensure that your Black-Eyed Susans not only survive but thrive in the beautiful New Zealand landscape. With the right care, these perennial flowers can bring joy and color to your garden for years to come.
Treating Pest Infestations
Organic Pest Control Methods
When growing Black-Eyed Susans, it’s essential to adopt effective pest control methods that align with organic gardening principles. By utilizing natural solutions, you not only protect your plants but also contribute to the overall health of the ecosystem. Below are several organic pest control methods that can help manage common pests affecting Black-Eyed Susans in New Zealand.
Natural Predators
One of the most effective ways to control pest populations is by attracting beneficial insects that prey on harmful pests. Ladybugs, lacewings, and predatory wasps are excellent examples of natural predators that can help keep aphid and spider mite populations in check. To encourage these helpful insects, consider planting a variety of flowers that provide nectar and pollen, such as yarrow, dill, and fennel. Additionally, maintaining a diverse garden ecosystem will help ensure that these beneficial insects thrive.
Homemade Remedies
Creating homemade remedies is a practical and cost-effective way to manage pest infestations on your Black-Eyed Susans. Here are a few recipes for organic sprays that can be easily made at home:
- Neem Oil Spray: Neem oil is derived from the seeds of the neem tree and is effective against various pests. To make a neem oil spray, mix 2 tablespoons of neem oil with 1 teaspoon of liquid soap in a quart of water. Shake well and spray directly on affected plants, ensuring thorough coverage. Repeat every 7-14 days until the infestation is under control.
- Garlic Spray: Garlic is known for its natural insect-repelling properties. To create a garlic spray, blend 2-3 cloves of garlic with a quart of water and let the mixture sit overnight. Strain the mixture and add a few drops of liquid soap before spraying it on your Black-Eyed Susans. This spray can deter aphids, thrips, and other pests.
- Pepper Spray: Another effective homemade remedy is pepper spray. Combine 1 tablespoon of cayenne pepper with a quart of water and a few drops of liquid soap. Allow the mixture to steep for a few hours before straining and applying it to your plants. This spray can help deter slugs, snails, and other soft-bodied pests.
Insecticidal Soaps
Insecticidal soaps are another organic solution for controlling pests on Black-Eyed Susans. These soaps work by suffocating soft-bodied insects like aphids and spider mites. When using insecticidal soap, it’s crucial to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application rates and frequency. Generally, you should spray the affected plants thoroughly, focusing on the undersides of leaves where pests often hide. Reapply every 5-7 days until the infestation is under control.
Monitoring and Follow-Up
Regular monitoring of your Black-Eyed Susans is vital for effective pest management. By keeping a close eye on your plants, you can catch infestations early and take appropriate action before they escalate.
Regular Checks
Make it a habit to inspect your plants at least once a week. Look for signs of pest activity, such as discolored leaves, webbing, or visible insects. Early detection is key to preventing severe damage to your Black-Eyed Susans. If you notice any signs of infestation, act quickly to implement the organic control methods discussed above.
Adjusting Treatment
As you monitor your plants, be prepared to adjust your treatment methods based on the severity of the infestation. If one method is not yielding results, consider trying a combination of approaches. For example, if you initially used neem oil but are still seeing pests, you might want to incorporate insecticidal soap or introduce beneficial insects to your garden.
Additionally, keep in mind that environmental factors such as temperature and humidity can affect pest populations. If conditions become favorable for pests, you may need to increase your monitoring and treatment frequency. By staying proactive and responsive, you can ensure that your Black-Eyed Susans remain healthy and vibrant throughout the growing season.
Preventive Measures
While treating existing pest infestations is essential, prevention is equally important in maintaining the health of your Black-Eyed Susans. Implementing preventive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of pest problems in the first place.
Cultural Practices
Adopting good cultural practices is one of the best ways to prevent pest infestations. Here are some strategies to consider:
- Crop Rotation: If you are growing Black-Eyed Susans in a garden bed that has previously hosted susceptible plants, consider rotating them to a different location in subsequent years. This practice can help disrupt the life cycles of pests and reduce their populations.
- Companion Planting: Planting Black-Eyed Susans alongside certain companion plants can deter pests and improve overall plant health. For example, planting marigolds nearby can repel aphids and other harmful insects.
- Proper Watering: Overwatering can create conditions that attract pests and promote diseases. Ensure that your Black-Eyed Susans receive adequate but not excessive moisture. Water early in the day to allow foliage to dry before evening, reducing the risk of fungal diseases and pest attraction.
Physical Barriers
Using physical barriers can also help protect your Black-Eyed Susans from pests. Consider employing the following strategies:
- Row Covers: Lightweight row covers can provide a physical barrier against pests while allowing sunlight and moisture to reach your plants. Use them during the early stages of growth to protect young seedlings from pests like aphids and thrips.
- Traps: Set up traps to monitor and capture pests. For example, yellow sticky traps can attract and catch flying insects, helping you gauge pest populations and take action as needed.
By combining organic pest control methods with preventive measures, you can create a thriving environment for your Black-Eyed Susans while minimizing the impact of pests. Remember, maintaining a healthy garden ecosystem is key to successful pest management and contributes to the beauty and resilience of your perennial flowers in New Zealand.
Common Diseases Affecting Black-Eyed Susans
Identifying Diseases
Black-Eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta) are not only celebrated for their stunning appearance but also for their resilience in the face of various diseases. However, even the hardiest of plants can fall prey to certain ailments. Understanding these diseases is crucial for maintaining the health and beauty of your garden.
One of the most prevalent issues faced by Black-Eyed Susans is fungal diseases. Among these, powdery mildew and downy mildew are particularly common. Powdery mildew appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems, often thriving in warm, dry conditions. Downy mildew, on the other hand, manifests as yellowing leaves with a grayish mold underneath, typically flourishing in cooler, moist environments.
Leaf spot is another fungal disease that can affect Black-Eyed Susans. This condition leads to the development of dark, circular spots on the leaves, which can eventually cause the leaves to yellow and drop prematurely. In addition to fungal diseases, bacterial and viral infections can also take a toll on these vibrant flowers. Bacterial wilt, characterized by wilting and yellowing of the leaves, can severely affect the plant’s vigor. Viral infections may lead to mottled leaves and stunted growth, ultimately affecting the overall appearance of your Black-Eyed Susans.
Signs of Disease
Recognizing the signs of disease early can make a significant difference in managing the health of your Black-Eyed Susans. Symptoms of powdery mildew include the aforementioned white powder on leaves, which can reduce photosynthesis and weaken the plant. It’s essential to monitor your plants regularly, especially during warm, dry spells, as this is when powdery mildew is most likely to occur.
For downy mildew, look for yellowing leaves accompanied by a fuzzy, grayish growth on the underside. This disease can spread quickly in humid conditions, so immediate action is necessary to prevent widespread damage. Leaf spot diseases can be identified by the dark spots that appear on the foliage. If left untreated, these spots can expand and cause significant leaf drop.
Bacterial wilt often presents as sudden wilting of the leaves, even when the soil remains adequately moist. If you notice this symptom, check for a slimy texture on the cut stems, indicating a bacterial infection. Viral infections may not always show immediate signs, but mottled or distorted leaves are telltale signs that something is amiss.
Managing Diseases Organically
Organic Disease Control Strategies
Managing diseases in Black-Eyed Susans through organic methods is essential for maintaining a healthy garden ecosystem. One of the most effective strategies is adopting sound cultural practices. Proper spacing between plants is vital as it promotes good air circulation, reducing humidity levels that favor fungal growth. Ensure that your Black-Eyed Susans are planted in well-draining soil to prevent water accumulation, which can lead to root rot and other moisture-related diseases.
Watering techniques also play a crucial role in disease management. Watering early in the morning allows foliage to dry out during the day, minimizing the chances of fungal infections. Avoid overhead watering, which can create a humid environment conducive to disease development. Instead, consider using drip irrigation or soaker hoses to deliver water directly to the soil.
Organic fungicides can be a valuable tool in your disease management arsenal. Products containing neem oil, sulfur, or potassium bicarbonate are effective against a range of fungal diseases. When applying these treatments, ensure you follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application rates and timing, as timing can significantly impact their effectiveness.
Moreover, introducing beneficial microorganisms into the soil can help suppress diseases. Products containing mycorrhizal fungi or beneficial bacteria can enhance soil health and plant resilience. These organisms compete with pathogens for resources, effectively reducing disease incidence.
Disease Resistance and Varietal Selection
When growing Black-Eyed Susans, consider selecting disease-resistant varieties. Some cultivars have been bred specifically for improved resistance to common diseases, making them a smart choice for gardeners looking to minimize disease issues. Researching and sourcing these varieties can save you time and effort in managing potential outbreaks.
In New Zealand, several nurseries and garden centers offer a range of Black-Eyed Susan varieties. Look for labels that indicate disease resistance or consult with knowledgeable staff for recommendations. Not only will you enjoy the beauty of these perennial flowers, but you’ll also have a greater chance of success in your gardening endeavors.
For those interested in starting from seed, ensure you purchase from reputable sources that provide high-quality, disease-free seeds. This practice is vital for preventing the introduction of pathogens into your garden. Additionally, practicing crop rotation can help disrupt the life cycles of diseases and pests, further promoting the health of your Black-Eyed Susans.
Best Practices for Overall Plant Health
Soil Health
Healthy soil is the foundation of a thriving garden. Incorporating organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, can significantly improve soil structure and nutrient content. This practice not only supports the growth of Black-Eyed Susans but also enhances the overall health of your garden ecosystem.
Regular soil testing can help you understand the nutrient levels and pH of your soil, allowing you to make informed decisions about amendments. Aim for a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 for optimal growth of Black-Eyed Susans. If necessary, amend your soil with lime to raise the pH or sulfur to lower it.
Fertilization
Using organic fertilizers is another key component of maintaining healthy Black-Eyed Susans. Look for slow-release options that provide a balanced mix of nutrients. Compost tea or fish emulsion can be excellent choices, offering essential nutrients while promoting microbial activity in the soil.
Apply fertilizers in the spring when new growth begins and again in mid-summer to support blooming. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers and may increase susceptibility to diseases.
Seasonal Care
Implementing a seasonal care checklist can help you stay organized and ensure your Black-Eyed Susans receive the attention they need throughout the year. In spring, focus on planting, ensuring they are spaced properly and in well-draining soil. As they grow, monitor for pests and diseases, employing organic solutions as needed.
During the summer months, regular deadheading of spent flowers encourages new blooms and prevents the plant from expending energy on seed production. As fall approaches, prepare your Black-Eyed Susans for winter by cutting them back to about 6 inches above the ground. This practice helps prevent overwintering pests and diseases while promoting healthy regrowth in the spring.
Community and Resources for New Zealand Gardeners
Local Gardening Clubs
Joining local gardening clubs can be incredibly beneficial for anyone interested in growing Black-Eyed Susans or other perennial flowers in New Zealand. These clubs often provide a wealth of knowledge, resources, and support from fellow gardeners. Engaging with the community can also offer opportunities for plant swaps, workshops, and events focused on organic gardening practices.
Online Resources
The internet is a treasure trove of information for gardeners. Numerous websites and forums focus on organic gardening in New Zealand, offering advice on pest and disease management, plant care, and local gardening events. Joining social media groups dedicated to gardening can also connect you with like-minded individuals who share your passion for Black-Eyed Susans and sustainable practices.
Workshops and Events
Participating in workshops and events can enhance your gardening knowledge and skills. Look for local gardening workshops that focus on organic practices, pest management, and disease control. These hands-on experiences can provide invaluable insights and techniques that you can apply to your own garden.
Conclusion
In conclusion, effective pest and disease management is vital for the health and beauty of Black-Eyed Susans in New Zealand gardens. By understanding the common pests and diseases that affect these perennial flowers and implementing organic solutions, you can create a thriving environment for your plants. Remember to prioritize soil health, proper watering techniques, and seasonal care to ensure your Black-Eyed Susans flourish year after year. Embrace the journey of gardening, share your experiences, and contribute to the sustainable gardening movement in New Zealand. Happy gardening!
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are the common pests that affect black-eyed susans?
Black-eyed susans are susceptible to several pests, including aphids, spider mites, and Japanese beetles. Aphids can cause distortion in leaves and stunt growth, while spider mites may lead to a fine webbing on the plants and yellowing of the leaves. Japanese beetles not only feed on the foliage but can also damage the flowers. Regular monitoring and early detection are key to managing these pests effectively.
How can I organically control aphids on my black-eyed susans?
To manage aphids on your black-eyed susans organically, consider introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which feed on aphids. Additionally, you can spray a mixture of water and a few drops of dish soap directly onto the affected areas. This solution suffocates the aphids without harming the plant. Always ensure to rinse the plants with water afterward to remove any soap residue.
What diseases commonly affect black-eyed susans, and how can I prevent them?
Black-eyed susans can face diseases such as powdery mildew, root rot, and leaf spot. To prevent these issues, ensure good air circulation around the plants by spacing them properly. Water the plants at the base to avoid wetting the foliage, which can promote fungal growth. Choosing disease-resistant varieties and practicing crop rotation can also help reduce the incidence of these diseases.
How do I recognize powdery mildew on my black-eyed susans?
Powdery mildew appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems of black-eyed susans. It thrives in warm, dry conditions with high humidity. If you notice this fungal disease, it can lead to reduced photosynthesis and overall plant vigor. Prompt action, such as removing affected leaves and applying organic fungicides, can help control its spread.
What are some organic solutions for treating root rot in black-eyed susans?
To treat root rot in black-eyed susans, the first step is to improve soil drainage. Ensure that the planting site has well-draining soil, and avoid overwatering. If the roots are already affected, you may need to remove the plant from the soil, trim away any rotten roots, and replant it in fresh, amended soil. Adding organic matter can enhance soil structure and prevent future occurrences of root rot.
Can companion planting help with pest management for black-eyed susans?
Yes, companion planting can be an effective strategy for managing pests affecting black-eyed susans. Planting herbs like basil or marigolds nearby can deter pests and attract beneficial insects that prey on common pests. Additionally, certain plants can enhance the growth and flowering of black-eyed susans, creating a healthier garden ecosystem overall.
What maintenance practices can help prevent pest and disease issues in black-eyed susans?
To prevent pest and disease problems in black-eyed susans, regular maintenance is crucial. This includes deadheading spent flowers to encourage new blooms, removing debris around the base to prevent fungal diseases, and monitoring the plants for any signs of pests or disease. Practicing crop rotation and keeping the garden well-weeded can also reduce the risk of infestations and infections.
When is the best time to apply organic treatments for pests and diseases on black-eyed susans?
The best time to apply organic treatments for pests and diseases on black-eyed susans is early in the morning or late in the afternoon when temperatures are cooler. This timing helps reduce stress on the plants and increases the efficacy of the treatments. Regular monitoring during the growing season will also allow you to address issues promptly before they become severe.
References
- Purdue Extension: Black-Eyed Susan Pest Management – An in-depth look at common pests affecting Black-Eyed Susans and recommended control measures.
- Planet Natural: Black-Eyed Susan Pests – Information on various pests that impact Black-Eyed Susans and organic solutions for management.
- Gardening Know How: Black-Eyed Susan Pests – Overview of pests and diseases affecting Black-Eyed Susans, along with prevention tips.
- Organic Gardening: Pest Control Tips – General pest control strategies tailored for organic gardening, including methods applicable to Black-Eyed Susans.
- Gardens Alive: Organic Pest Control for Black-Eyed Susans – A resource offering organic pest control solutions specific to Black-Eyed Susans.
- My Garden: Black-Eyed Susan Pest Management – Tips and advice on managing pests and diseases in Black-Eyed Susans.
- Houzz: 7 Organic Solutions for Pest Control – A list of effective organic pest control methods that can be applied to various plants, including Black-Eyed Susans.