Top Clematis Varieties: A Gardeners Guide to Choices

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Did you know that clematis is often dubbed the “queen of the climbers”? With over 300 species and countless hybrids, this stunning plant has the remarkable ability to transform any garden into a vibrant oasis of color and texture. However, choosing the right clematis varieties to cultivate can be a daunting task for both novice and experienced gardeners alike. Understanding the specific requirements of each type—ranging from sunlight preferences to soil conditions—can mean the difference between a flourishing display and a lackluster outcome. This guide is not just for the avid horticulturist; it’s for anyone looking to enhance their outdoor space with these breathtaking blooms.

As you delve into this comprehensive guide, you’ll uncover valuable insights into the most popular clematis varieties and their unique needs. From the enchanting early-spring bloomers to the late-summer showstoppers, we’ll provide practical tips to ensure your clematis thrives in your garden. Whether you’re cultivating clematis for its stunning visual appeal or for its ability to attract pollinators, this article will equip you with the knowledge to make informed decisions. Get ready to unlock the secrets of successful clematis cultivation and watch your garden flourish like never before!

Understanding Clematis

What is Clematis?

Clematis is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, comprising around 300 species and numerous hybrids and cultivars. Known for their stunning, vibrant flowers and versatile growth habits, clematis are a favorite among gardeners worldwide, particularly in New Zealand. These climbing plants can add vertical interest to any garden, while some varieties also serve as beautiful ground cover.

Clematis plants exhibit a variety of growth habits, including climbing, trailing, and bush types. Climbing clematis can reach impressive heights, making them ideal for trellises, fences, and pergolas. Trailing varieties are perfect for cascading over walls or containers, while bush types provide a more compact option for smaller gardens. Understanding these growth habits is essential for selecting the right clematis varieties for your specific garden design and space.

History and Popularity in New Zealand

Clematis was first introduced to New Zealand in the 19th century, quickly becoming a staple in local gardens due to its adaptability and stunning blooms. The country’s unique climate and diverse ecosystems provide ideal conditions for a wide range of clematis varieties to thrive. Today, clematis is among the most popular flowering plants in New Zealand, with many households incorporating these beautiful climbers into their landscapes.

Statistics indicate that clematis cultivation has surged in recent years, with many gardeners embracing this versatile plant for its ornamental value and ability to attract pollinators. Local gardening clubs and nurseries have also reported a growing interest in clematis, evidenced by an increase in the availability of various clematis varieties NZ. This trend reflects a broader movement towards sustainable gardening practices, where clematis serves not only as an aesthetic choice but also contributes to local biodiversity.

Types of Clematis

When selecting clematis for your garden, it is crucial to understand the different types available. Clematis can be broadly categorized into four main types: large-flowered, small-flowered, herbaceous, and evergreen clematis. Each type has its unique characteristics, growth habits, and care requirements.

Large-flowered clematis are known for their stunning, showy blooms that can reach up to a foot in diameter. These varieties are often the centerpiece of garden displays and can create a dramatic impact when grown on trellises or arbors. Small-flowered clematis, on the other hand, produce clusters of smaller blooms that can add delicate charm to your garden. These varieties are often more resilient and can thrive in various conditions, making them an excellent choice for novice gardeners.

Herbaceous clematis are unique in that they die back to the ground in winter, only to regrow in spring. This type of clematis is perfect for gardeners who appreciate seasonal changes in their landscape. Evergreen clematis, as the name suggests, retains its foliage year-round, providing continuous greenery and structure to garden beds.

Additionally, clematis is classified based on pruning groups, which is vital for their maintenance. Understanding these pruning groups will help you provide the appropriate care for your clematis, ensuring they flourish in your New Zealand garden.

In summary, choosing the right clematis varieties requires a good understanding of their characteristics, growth habits, and care requirements. By familiarizing yourself with these aspects, you can make informed decisions that will enhance your garden’s beauty and health. Whether you are a novice gardener or an experienced horticulturist, cultivating clematis can be a rewarding endeavor that adds color and charm to your outdoor space.

Clematis is a beloved choice for many New Zealand gardeners, offering a stunning array of colors, sizes, and growth habits. With the right clematis varieties, you can create an enchanting garden that blooms from spring through autumn. In this section, we will explore several popular clematis varieties that thrive in New Zealand’s unique climate, detailing their characteristics, care requirements, and ideal growing conditions. Whether you are looking to add a touch of elegance to your garden or seeking hardy varieties that can withstand local conditions, this guide will help you make informed decisions when cultivating clematis in your outdoor space.

Large-Flowered Clematis Varieties

Large-flowered clematis are known for their impressive blooms, often measuring up to 20 centimeters across. These varieties are perfect for creating a dramatic focal point in your garden. Here are two popular options:

Clematis ‘Nelly Moser’

Clematis ‘Nelly Moser’ is one of the most cherished large-flowered varieties, prized for its beautiful pink and white blooms. Flowering from late spring to early summer, it produces large, star-shaped flowers that can brighten any garden space. This variety is known for its vigorous growth, reaching heights of up to 3 meters, making it ideal for trellises, fences, or arbors.

When cultivating clematis ‘Nelly Moser’, it’s essential to provide it with well-drained soil and a sunny to partially shaded location. Regular watering is crucial, especially during dry spells, to keep the roots moist. Fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer in early spring will encourage robust growth and abundant blooms. Pruning is also vital for this variety; it belongs to Group 2 and should be pruned after flowering to maintain its shape and promote new growth.

Clematis ‘Jackmanii’

Another stunning option is Clematis ‘Jackmanii’, well-loved for its deep purple flowers that bloom profusely during summer. This vigorous climber can reach heights of 2 to 3 meters and is perfect for covering fences or walls. Its striking flowers attract pollinators, adding life to your garden.

For optimal growth, plant ‘Jackmanii’ in a sunny spot with well-drained soil. It thrives in slightly acidic to neutral pH levels. Regular watering is necessary, especially in the first year as it establishes roots. This variety is part of Group 3 in the pruning classification, meaning it should be cut back to about 30 centimeters above ground in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. This practice encourages new flowers to bloom on the current season’s growth.

Small-Flowered Clematis Varieties

If you prefer a more delicate touch in your garden, small-flowered clematis varieties are an excellent choice. These plants often produce clusters of smaller blooms that create a charming and intricate display. Here are two noteworthy small-flowered varieties:

Clematis ‘Crispa’

Clematis ‘Crispa’ is a unique variety that features nodding, bell-shaped flowers in shades of lavender and white. This variety is particularly well-suited for New Zealand gardens, as it is hardy and can adapt to various conditions. ‘Crispa’ typically blooms from late spring to early summer, making it a delightful addition to your garden during this period.

When cultivating clematis ‘Crispa’, ensure it has a sunny location with well-drained soil. This variety prefers consistently moist conditions, so regular watering is essential, especially in dry periods. Fertilizing with a slow-release fertilizer in early spring will support its growth. Pruning is minimal for this variety; simply remove any dead or damaged stems after flowering to encourage healthy growth.

Clematis ‘Blue Dancer’

Clematis ‘Blue Dancer’ is another small-flowered variety that boasts stunning, rich blue flowers. This variety is known for its long flowering period, often extending from late spring through autumn. ‘Blue Dancer’ can reach heights of 2 to 3 meters, making it an excellent choice for climbing over structures or cascading down walls.

To ensure successful cultivation of clematis ‘Blue Dancer’, plant it in a spot that receives full sun to partial shade. It thrives in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Regular watering is crucial, particularly during the initial establishment phase. This variety belongs to Group 2 for pruning, so cut back any deadwood in late winter and remove spent flowers to encourage new growth.

Herbaceous Clematis Varieties

Herbaceous clematis varieties offer a different aesthetic, with their non-climbing growth habit. These varieties are perfect for filling gaps in your garden or adding texture to perennial borders. Here are two herbaceous options to consider:

Clematis ‘Betty Corning’

Clematis ‘Betty Corning’ is a delightful herbaceous variety with soft lavender-blue flowers that appear in clusters. This variety is known for its long flowering season, often lasting from late spring to early autumn. ‘Betty Corning’ typically grows to a height of 1 to 1.5 meters, making it suitable for borders or as a ground cover.

When cultivating clematis ‘Betty Corning’, it thrives in well-drained soil and prefers a sunny location, although it can tolerate partial shade. Regular watering is important to keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry spells. Fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer in early spring will support its growth. Pruning is minimal; simply cut back to ground level in late winter to promote new growth in the spring.

Clematis ‘Hagley Hybrid’

Clematis ‘Hagley Hybrid’ is another excellent choice for herbaceous clematis, featuring soft pink flowers that bloom from late spring through summer. This variety is known for its compact growth, reaching heights of about 1 meter, making it ideal for smaller spaces or containers.

For successful cultivation, plant ‘Hagley Hybrid’ in well-drained soil with plenty of organic matter. It prefers a sunny to partially shaded location. Regular watering is essential, particularly in the first year of growth. Fertilizing with a slow-release fertilizer in early spring will encourage blooming. Pruning is straightforward; cut back to ground level in late winter to promote healthy new growth.

Evergreen Clematis Varieties

Evergreen clematis varieties are perfect for gardeners looking to maintain year-round greenery in their gardens. These varieties can provide a lush backdrop for other plants and can be trained to climb or spread across structures. Here are two evergreen options:

Clematis ‘Clematis armandii’

Clematis ‘Clematis armandii’ is an evergreen variety that features fragrant white flowers, adding both beauty and scent to your garden. This vigorous climber can reach heights of 3 to 4 meters, making it perfect for covering trellises, fences, or walls. It blooms in early spring, providing a burst of color when many other plants are just beginning to awaken.

For optimal growth, plant ‘Clematis armandii’ in a sunny spot with well-drained soil. It prefers slightly acidic soil and benefits from regular watering, especially during dry spells. Fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer in early spring will support its growth and flowering. Pruning is minimal; simply remove any dead or damaged stems after flowering to encourage healthy growth.

Clematis ‘Clematis paniculata’

Clematis ‘Clematis paniculata’, commonly known as the New Zealand clematis or Pirita, is another evergreen variety that is native to New Zealand. It features clusters of small, fragrant white flowers that bloom in late spring to early summer. This hardy climber can reach heights of 3 to 6 meters, making it an excellent choice for covering larger structures.

When cultivating clematis ‘Clematis paniculata’, ensure it is planted in well-drained soil with full sun to partial shade. This variety is drought-tolerant once established, but regular watering during dry spells will promote healthy growth. Fertilizing with a slow-release fertilizer in early spring will enhance flowering. Pruning is minimal; simply remove any dead or damaged stems to encourage new growth.

Native New Zealand Clematis Varieties

In addition to the popular varieties mentioned, New Zealand is home to its native clematis species, which play a crucial role in local ecosystems. One notable native variety is:

Clematis paniculata (Pirita)

Clematis paniculata, commonly known as Pirita, is a native climber that produces fragrant white flowers. This species is particularly important for attracting native pollinators and supporting local biodiversity. It typically blooms from late spring to early summer and can reach heights of 3 to 6 meters.

For successful cultivation of Clematis paniculata, plant it in well-drained soil with full sun to partial shade. It is well-adapted to New Zealand’s climate and can tolerate a range of soil types. Regular watering during dry spells will support its growth. This variety requires minimal pruning; simply remove any dead or damaged stems to encourage healthy new growth.

Incorporating native clematis varieties into your garden not only enhances its beauty but also contributes to the preservation of New Zealand’s unique flora and fauna.

In conclusion, selecting the right clematis varieties for your New Zealand garden can transform your outdoor space into a vibrant, enchanting landscape. Whether you choose large-flowered, small-flowered, herbaceous, evergreen, or native varieties, each type offers unique beauty and charm. By understanding the specific requirements and care tips for each variety, you can ensure successful cultivation of clematis in your garden, creating a stunning display of color and fragrance throughout the growing season.

Cultivating Clematis in New Zealand Gardens

Ideal Growing Conditions

When it comes to cultivating clematis, understanding the ideal growing conditions is crucial for ensuring that these beautiful climbers thrive in your New Zealand garden. Clematis varieties NZ can vary significantly in their requirements, but there are several common factors to consider.

Firstly, soil type plays a vital role in the health of your clematis. These plants prefer well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A loamy soil mix, which contains a balance of sand, silt, and clay, is often ideal. If your garden soil is heavy clay or overly sandy, consider amending it with compost or well-rotted manure to improve its texture and nutrient content.

The pH level of the soil should ideally be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 6.0 to 7.0. You can test the pH of your soil using a simple home test kit available at garden centers. If your soil is too acidic, adding lime can help raise the pH, while sulfur can be used to lower it if it’s too alkaline.

Drainage is another critical factor. Clematis roots are susceptible to rot if waterlogged, so ensure that your planting area allows excess water to drain away. Raised beds or planting on slopes can improve drainage, especially in areas prone to heavy rainfall.

Sunlight is essential for the healthy growth of clematis. Most varieties thrive in full sun, requiring at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. However, some clematis varieties, particularly those with lighter-colored flowers, may appreciate some afternoon shade to protect them from the harshest sun. It’s important to consider the microclimates within your garden; areas near walls or fences may provide additional warmth and shelter.

Temperature also influences the success of cultivating clematis in New Zealand. While many clematis varieties can tolerate a range of temperatures, they generally prefer moderate climates. Planting in sheltered locations can help protect your clematis from cold winds and frost, which can damage new growth in the spring.

Planting Guidelines

Once you’ve determined the ideal growing conditions, the next step in cultivating clematis is to focus on planting techniques. The best time to plant clematis in New Zealand is during the spring or early autumn. This timing allows the plants to establish their root systems before the heat of summer or the cold of winter sets in.

When planting clematis, start by preparing the planting hole. Dig a hole that is twice as wide and as deep as the root ball of the clematis plant. This allows the roots to spread easily. If you’re planting multiple clematis varieties, ensure you space them adequately—generally, a distance of 1 to 2 meters apart is recommended, depending on the variety’s growth habit.

Before placing the plant in the hole, add a handful of compost to the bottom to provide nutrients. Position the clematis so that the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. If you bury the crown of the plant slightly below the soil line, it can encourage new shoots to emerge from the base, leading to a bushier plant.

After planting, water the clematis thoroughly to help settle the soil around the roots. It’s also beneficial to apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain moisture and suppresses weeds, which can compete for nutrients. Ensure that the mulch does not touch the stems directly to avoid rot.

Providing adequate support is essential for climbing clematis varieties. Install trellises, arbors, or fences close to the planting site before planting, as this will help the plants climb as they grow. You can gently tie the stems to the support structure using soft garden twine or cloth strips, being careful not to damage the stems.

Watering and Fertilizing

Proper watering practices are vital for the successful cultivation of clematis. These plants prefer consistently moist soil but do not tolerate waterlogged conditions. During the first growing season, ensure that your clematis receives regular watering, especially during dry spells. A deep watering once a week is generally sufficient, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.

As your clematis establishes itself, you can reduce the frequency of watering. However, during flowering periods, it’s crucial to maintain even moisture levels to support blooming. If you notice the leaves wilting or turning yellow, this may be a sign of either overwatering or underwatering, and adjustments should be made accordingly.

Fertilizing is another important aspect of cultivating clematis. In New Zealand, a balanced fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (such as a 10-10-10 NPK) is ideal. Apply fertilizer in early spring as new growth begins to emerge, and then again in mid-summer to promote continued blooming. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to excessive leaf growth at the expense of flowers.

Organic options, such as compost tea or well-rotted manure, can also be beneficial. These provide slow-release nutrients that support healthy growth over time. Apply these organic fertilizers around the base of the plant, taking care to keep them away from the stems.

Pruning and Maintenance

Pruning is an essential part of maintaining healthy clematis plants and is particularly important depending on the specific clematis varieties you are cultivating. Clematis are typically grouped into three pruning categories: Group 1 (early bloomers), Group 2 (repeat bloomers), and Group 3 (late bloomers). Understanding which group your clematis belongs to will guide your pruning strategy.

For Group 1 clematis, such as ‘Clematis montana’, minimal pruning is required. After flowering, you can trim back any dead or damaged stems to maintain shape and health. Group 2 varieties, like ‘Nelly Moser’, should be pruned lightly in late winter or early spring, cutting back the previous year’s growth to promote new blooms while preserving some old wood for flowering.

Group 3 clematis, including popular varieties like ‘Jackmanii’, should be pruned hard in late winter or early spring. Cut back all stems to about 30-45 cm above ground level, which encourages vigorous new growth and abundant flowers.

In addition to pruning, seasonal maintenance is crucial for preventing diseases and promoting blooming. Regularly check your clematis plants for signs of disease or pest infestations. Remove any dead or yellowing leaves, as these can harbor pests and diseases. Ensuring good air circulation around the plants can also help prevent fungal issues.

Mulching around the base of the clematis can help retain moisture and suppress weeds, while also providing a barrier against soil-borne diseases. As the growing season progresses, continue to monitor your plants, adjusting watering and fertilizing as needed based on the weather and growth patterns.

By following these guidelines for cultivating clematis in New Zealand, you can create a thriving garden filled with stunning blooms. Understanding the specific needs of different clematis varieties NZ will ensure that your garden flourishes and provides a beautiful backdrop for years to come.

Common Issues and Solutions in Cultivating Clematis

Pests and Diseases

Cultivating clematis can be a rewarding experience, but like any plant, they are susceptible to various pests and diseases. Understanding these challenges is crucial for maintaining a healthy garden. Common pests that affect clematis in New Zealand include aphids, snails, and spider mites.

Aphids are tiny insects that suck the sap from the leaves, leading to stunted growth and yellowing foliage. To manage aphids, consider introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs, which feed on them. Alternatively, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil as organic treatment options.

Snails and slugs can also wreak havoc on your clematis, especially in damp conditions. To deter these pests, create barriers using crushed eggshells or diatomaceous earth around the base of your plants. Additionally, you can set traps with beer or use commercially available baits to minimize their presence.

Fungal infections, such as clematis wilt, can be a significant concern. This disease causes wilting and dieback of stems, often leading to plant death. To prevent clematis wilt, ensure proper air circulation around your plants by spacing them adequately and avoiding overhead watering. If you notice signs of wilt, promptly remove affected stems and dispose of them to prevent spreading the disease.

Environmental Challenges

New Zealand’s diverse climate presents unique challenges when cultivating clematis. Wind exposure can damage delicate stems and flowers, particularly in coastal regions. To protect your clematis from strong winds, consider planting them near a wall or fence, which can act as a windbreak. Additionally, using sturdy trellises or supports can help stabilize the plants and prevent breakage.

Frost is another environmental challenge that can affect clematis, especially in cooler regions of New Zealand. To safeguard your plants during frosty nights, consider covering them with frost cloth or mulch to insulate the roots. Planting clematis in sheltered locations or against south-facing walls can also provide added protection from frost.

Troubleshooting Growth Issues

Even with the best care, you may encounter growth issues while cultivating clematis. Signs of poor growth include yellowing leaves, reduced flowering, or leggy growth. These issues can often be traced back to improper watering, nutrient deficiencies, or inadequate sunlight.

To rectify yellowing leaves, assess your watering practices. Clematis prefer consistently moist soil but can suffer from root rot if overwatered. Ensure your soil has good drainage and adjust your watering schedule accordingly.

If your clematis is not flowering, it may be due to insufficient sunlight. Most clematis varieties thrive in full sun to partial shade, so evaluate their placement in your garden. If they are not receiving enough light, consider relocating them to a sunnier spot.

Leggy growth can indicate that your clematis is not receiving enough support or is competing with other plants for resources. Providing adequate trellis support will encourage upward growth and help your clematis develop a more robust structure. Additionally, consider companion planting with low-growing plants that will not overshadow your clematis.

Companion planting can significantly enhance the health and aesthetics of your clematis garden. Plants such as daylilies, roses, or even herbs like chives can complement clematis beautifully while deterring pests. Moreover, these companion plants can provide additional nutrients to the soil, benefiting your clematis in the long run.

Common Cultural Practices for Healthy Clematis

To ensure successful cultivation of clematis varieties in NZ, adopting specific cultural practices can make a significant difference. Regular mulching can help retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Use organic mulch such as wood chips or straw, keeping it away from the plant stems to prevent rot.

Fertilization is another critical aspect of clematis care. During the growing season, apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer to provide essential nutrients. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to excessive leaf growth at the expense of flowers. A light feeding in early spring and again in mid-summer is generally sufficient.

Finally, regular inspections of your clematis plants can catch potential issues early. Look for signs of stress, such as wilting or discoloration, and address them promptly. Keeping a gardening journal can help you track the health of your clematis and any changes in their environment, allowing you to make informed decisions for future cultivation.

By being proactive about pests, environmental challenges, and growth issues, you can ensure that your clematis thrive in your New Zealand garden. With the right knowledge and care, cultivating clematis can lead to a vibrant display of blooms that enhance your outdoor space for years to come.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Clematis comes in numerous varieties, but some of the most popular types include Clematis montana, which is known for its vigorous growth and stunning flowers; Clematis jackmanii, famous for its large, deep purple blooms; and Clematis viticella, appreciated for its hardiness and ability to thrive in various conditions. Each variety offers unique features, making it essential to choose one that fits your garden’s aesthetic and growing conditions.

How do I choose the right clematis variety for my garden?

When selecting a clematis variety, consider factors such as your climate, the amount of sunlight in your garden, and the space available for the plant to grow. Some clematis varieties prefer full sun, while others thrive in partial shade. Additionally, assess the growth habit of the clematis—whether it is a large, sprawling vine or a more compact type—to ensure it suits your garden design. Researching the specific requirements of each variety will help you make an informed choice.

What are the sunlight requirements for different clematis varieties?

Clematis varieties have varying sunlight requirements. Generally, most clematis prefer at least six hours of sunlight daily, especially during the blooming season. However, some types, like Clematis alpina, can tolerate partial shade. When cultivating clematis, it’s crucial to match the variety with the light conditions in your garden to promote healthy growth and vibrant blooms.

How often should I water my clematis plants?

Clematis plants require consistent moisture, especially during their growing season. Water them deeply once a week, ensuring the soil is well-drained to prevent root rot. In hot, dry conditions, you may need to increase watering frequency. Mulching around the base of the plant can help retain soil moisture, which is beneficial when cultivating clematis in warmer climates.

What type of soil is best for clematis?

Clematis thrives in well-draining, fertile soil that is rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH is ideal, and incorporating compost can enhance soil quality. When cultivating clematis, ensure that the soil retains moisture but doesn’t become waterlogged, as this can harm the roots. Testing your soil before planting can provide valuable insights into any amendments needed.

How do I support clematis as it grows?

Clematis is a climbing plant that requires support to flourish. You can use trellises, arbors, or fences to provide a sturdy structure for the vines to cling to. Ensure that the support is securely anchored and tall enough to accommodate the variety you are growing. Proper support not only helps the plant grow upright but also enhances the overall aesthetic of your garden.

When is the best time to prune clematis?

The best time to prune clematis depends on the specific variety you have. Generally, clematis can be divided into three pruning groups: Group 1 should be pruned right after flowering in spring, Group 2 requires light pruning in early spring before buds swell, and Group 3 should be pruned back hard in late winter or early spring. Understanding the pruning requirements is essential for maintaining healthy, vigorous plants when cultivating clematis.

Can clematis be grown in containers?

Yes, clematis can be successfully grown in containers, making them a versatile option for gardeners with limited space. When cultivating clematis in pots, choose a large container to accommodate root growth and use high-quality potting soil. Ensure the pot has drainage holes and provide adequate support for the vines. Regular watering and fertilizing are critical to keep container-grown clematis healthy and blooming.

What pests and diseases should I watch for with clematis?

Clematis can be susceptible to pests such as aphids, spider mites, and slugs. Diseases like powdery mildew and wilt may also pose threats. Regularly inspect your plants for signs of trouble and address issues promptly. Good cultural practices, such as proper watering and spacing for airflow, can help prevent many problems when cultivating clematis. If pests or diseases are detected, consider organic treatments or consult a local gardening expert for advice.

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